Veselovska Z. F.^{1, 2}, Veselovska N. M.^{1, 2}, Harnyk T. P.¹

¹Kyiv Medical University of UAFM, Kyiv, Ukraine
²Kyiv City Ophthalmologic Center, Kyiv City Clinical Hospital no. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine

Summary. The paper presents the analysis of the current literature on the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma modern tactics based on recent basic research in neurophysiology. Due to the deep analysis of the modern literature, as well as on the results of own researches, it was presented definition of direct and indirect neuroretinoprotection and given experimental confirmation of the possibility of the regulation of the calcium-dependent release of glutamate in terminals of the axon to provide direct protection of retinal neurons. The paper presents the rationale for and the feasibility of the including of pharmacological drugs from the calcium channel blockers group (betaxolol, amlodipine and others) and from the group of NMDA-receptors blockers in the complex therapy of glaucoma retinal and optic nerve changes. 

 Keywords: neurodegeneration, glaucoma, ganglion cells, the optic nerve, neuroretinoprotection, glutamate, calcium channels. 

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Received: 11 Apr. 2016

Published: July 2016