Drozhzhina G.I.¹, Pavlovskaya G. Y.², Pavlovsky M.I.^2
1PI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine», Odesa, Ukraine
²Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine

SUMMARY

Introduction. The problem of ocular manifestations of primary hypothyroidism is relevant for ophthalmology in both practical and scientific standpoint.

Purpose. Explore the lipid peroxidation in the cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal fluid with hypothyroidism.

Methods. The studies were conducted on rats, which divided into 3 groups: I group – control (14 rats), II group – experimental (14 rats), animals with mild (primary) form of hypothyroidism, III group – experimental (14 rats), animals with severe form of hypothyroidism. In the tissues of the cornea and conjunctiva and lacrimal fluid content determined malondialdehyde and diene conjugates.

Results. Hypothyroidism observed dysregulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system, which eventually leads to a state of oxidative stress, which is known to adversely affect the function and protective-adaptive mechanisms of eye tissue.

Conclusion. It is established that in the experimental hypothyroidism increases the level of lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of the conjunctiva and cornea, with a particularly significant increase in malondialdehyde noted in the conjunctiva (70.5 % – in the mild stages, 85.6 % – in severe stage hypothyroidism). It was found that when in the tear fluid hypothyroidism increases in malondialdehyde concentration 1.5 times – during the mild stage of hypothyroidism and 1.65 times – in severe stages. This pathochemical index can be considered as a diagnostic sign of the state of oxidative stress in the body of hypothyroidism in the initial stages of its development.

Keywords: hypothyroidism, tears, cornea, conjunctiva, malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, experiment.

REFERENCES
1. Drozhzhina G. І. Сonjunctivis. Odesa, Astroprint, 2011, 86 p. (in Ukrainian).
2. Nasledov A. SPSS computer data analysis in psychology and social sciences. Saint Petersburg, Peter, 2005, 416 p. (in Russian).
3. Pavlovska G. Y., Pavlіv O. N., Pavlovsky M. I., Pasteur C. R. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with hypothyroidism. Proceedings of the XIII Ukrainian congress of ophthalmologists (Ukraine, Odesa, May 21–23, 2014). Odesa, 2014, pp. 37–38 (in Ukrainian).
4. Babu K., Jayaraaj I. A., Prabhaka J. Effect of abnormal thyroid hormone changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant imbalance in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research. 2011; (4): 1122–1126.
5. Bergmeyer H. U. Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse. Berlin, Herausgegeben von H. U. Bergmeyer, 1986, 2220 p.
6. Cano-Europa E., Blas-Valdivia V., Lopez-Galindo G. E. Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism causes alteration of the REDOX environment, oxidative stress, and hepatic damage; events not caused by hypothyroidism itself. Annals of Hepatology. 2010; (9): 80–88.
7. Cooper D. S. Antithyroid drugs. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; (352): 905–917.
8. Dias A. C., Módulo C. M., Jorge A. G., Braz A. M. Influence of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expression and lacrimal gland and ocular surface morphology. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 2012; (52): 3038–3042.
9. Gatzioufas Z., Panos G. D., Brugnolli E., Hafezi F. Corneal topographical and biomechanical variations associated with hypothyroidism. Journal of Refractive Surgery. 2014; (30): 78–79.
10. Kumari S. N., Damodara Gowda K. M. Oxidative stress in hypo and hyperthyroidism. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Science. 2011; (41): 49–53.
11. Micali A., Pisani A., Puzzolo D., Spinella R. Effect of hypothyroidism on postnatal conjunctival development in rats. Ophthalmic Research. 2011; (45): 102–112.
12. Mohanty S., Amruthlal W., Reddy G. C. Diagnostic strategies for subclinical hypothyroidism. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2010; (25): 279–282.
13. Ortiz-Butron R., Pacheco-Rosado J., Hernández-Garcia A. Mild thyroid hormones deficiency modifies benzodiazepine and mu-opioid receptor binding in rats. Neuropharmacology. 2013; (54): 111–116.
14. Ozturk B. T., Kerimoglu H., Dikbas O. Ocular changes in primary hyperthyroidism. BMC Reseach Notes. 2010; (3): 266–271.
15. Petruela M., Muresan A., Duncea I. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Antioxidant Enzymes. 2012; (8): 197–236.
16. Plummer C. E., Specht A., Gelatt K. N. Ocular manifestations of endocrine disease. Compendium: Continuing Education for Veterinarians. 2013; (31): 733–743.
17. Shashikala P. Prevalence of dry eye in hypothyroidism. International Journal of Clinical Cases and Investigations. 2013; (5): 46–51.
18. Venditti P., Balestrieri M., Di Meo S., De Leo T. Effect of thyroid state on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defences, and susceptibility to oxidative stress in rat tissues. Journal of Endocrinology. 1997; (155): 151–157.
19. Villanueva I., Alva-Sánchez C., Pacheco-Rosado J. The role of thyroid hormones as inductors of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2013; (13): 1–15.
20. Yilmaz S., Ozan S., Benzer F., Canatan H. Oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in experimental hypothyroidism. Cell Biochemistry and Function. 2003; (21): 325–330.

10.06.2015