1 (03) 2016

Features of vimentin expression with structural elements of rabbit cornea in the amniotic membrane transplantation with different methods of its fixation on the bacterial keratitis model

 Sereda K. V., Vit V. V., Drozhzhyna G. I., Gaidamaka T. B.

GI “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Odesa, Ukraine

Abstract

 Introduction. The study is important due to insufficient investigation of reparative mechanisms of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane. 

Purpose. The purpose was to study vimentin expression in the rabbit cornea to determine the role of limbus area stem cells in corneal regeneration during cryopreserved amniotic membrane transplantation on bacterial keratitis model. 

Material and methods. Cryopreserved amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 30 Chinchilla rabbits on the developed model of bacterial keratitis. Two surgical techniques were used: inlay technique with membrane fixation to cornea and onlay technique with its fixation to episclera by interrupted sutures. The follow up period was 1 month.

 Results of the study. In the group with onlay technique vimentin expression was determined in the early stages of regeneration processes in the regenerating epithelial cells and stromal cells. By epithelialization and subsequent differentiation of the anterior epithelium the number of positive staining cells decreased. The group with inlay technique showed similar dynamics of vimentin expression, but it was noted the delay process, especially when the reaction patterns of the cornea on the suture occurred.

 Conclusions. The amniotic membrane may play an important role in the treatment of bacterial keratitis due to the activation of stem cells of limbal zone and accelerate the processes of corneal epithelialization.

 Keywords: cornea, bacterial keratitis, vimentin, amniotic membrane, experiment. 

REFERENCES

1.  Drozhzhina G. I., Sereda K. V., Gaydamaka T. B., Vit V. V., Shabliy V. A., Lobyintseva G. S. Influence of biological coverage of the cornea with viable cryopreserved amniotic membrane on the course of the simulated bacterial keratitis. Oftalmologicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of ophthalmology]. 2015; (1): 103–109 (in Russian).
2. Sereda K. V., Drozhzhina G. I., Gaydamaka T. B., Vit V. V., Shabliy V. A., Lobyintseva G. S. Influence of viable cryopreserved human amniotic membrane on the clinical features of the simulated bacterial keratitis in fixing it to the cornea by sutures. Oftalmologicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of ophthalmology]. 2015; (5): 35–41 (in Russian).
3. Sereda K. V., Drozhzhina G. I., Gaydamaka T. B. The experimental model of moderate bacterial keratitis. Oftalmologiya. Vostochnaya Evropa [Ophthalmology. Eastern Europe]. 2015; (2): 41–48 (in Russian).
4. Chen L., Hamrah P., Cursiefen C., Zhang Q., Pytowski B., Streilein J. W., Dana M. R. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) mediates dendritic cell migration to lymph nodes and induction of immunity to corneal transplants. Nature Medicine. 2004; (10): 813–815.
5. Chen Z., de Paiva C. S., Luo L., Kretzer F. L., Pflugfelder S. C., Li D. Q. Characterization of putative stem cell phenotype in human limbal epithelia. Stem Cells. 2004; (22): 355–366.
6. Daniels J. T., Dart J. K. G., Tuft S. J., Khaw P. T. Corneal stem cells in review. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2001; (9): 483–494.
7. Fukuda K., Chikama T., Nakamura M., Nishida T. Differential distribution of subchains of the basement membrane components type IV collagen and laminin among the amniotic membrane, cornea, and conjunctiva. Cornea. 1999; (18): 73–79.
8. Grueterich M., Espana E. M., Touhami A., Ti S. E., Tseng S. C. Phenotypic study of a case with successful transplantation of ex vivo expanded human limbal epithelium for unilateral total limbal stem cell deficiency. Ophthalmology. 2002; (109): 1547–1552.
9. Hao Y., Ma D. H., Hwang D. G., Kim W. S., Zhang F. Identification of antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory proteins in human amniotic membrane. Cornea. 2000; (19): 348–352.
10. Kjaergaard N., Hein M., Hyttel L., Helmig R. B., Schшnheyder H. C., Uldbjerg N., Madsen H. Antibacterial properties of human amnion and chorion in vitro. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2001; (94): 224–229.
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Received: 22 Sep. 2015

Published: April 2016 

World epidemiological characteristics of prevalence of visual impairment

Varyvonchyk D. V.

P. L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine 

Abstract. Given a definition of policies and priorities to overcome the blindness based on epidemiological assess levels and causes of its prevalence at the global and national levels.

Purpose. To systematize terminology and definition of global epidemiological data on the prevalence of visual impairment. 

 Materials and methods. Conducted analysis of definitions and classifications of visual impairment and systematized epidemiological data on the levels and causes of blindness and low vision in the world, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

 Results. There were systematized terminology definitions relating to the issue of visual impairment in accordance with the WHO classification of the degree of impairment. It has been determined the main epidemiological characteristics of visual impairment in the world (the number of worldwide and regional WHO, age distribution, for reasons). An epidemiological data on refractive errors, cataracts, glaucoma, degenerative diseases of the eye, diabetic retinopathy, infectious diseases with the impression of an eye (onchocerciasis, leprosy, trachoma, human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome), childhood blindness, xerophthalmia, eye injuries. The trends in changing epidemiology and prevention of visual impairment in the past 20 years.

 Conclusions. It was determined that the world worked out efficient organizational model, aimed at preventing blindness and improving the availability and quality of eye care. It is noted that the development of a national program of prevention of blindness and establishing effective epidemiological monitoring is the actual task, the realization of which efforts the ophthalmologists of Ukraine should be concentrated.

 Keywords: visual impairment, low vision, blindness, epidemiology, prevention.

REFERENCES

1. IAPB. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD): 2010 Study. Available at: http://www.iapb.org/ what-does-gvd-data-tell-us. (accessed 18 December 2015).
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3. WHO. Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59). In: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: 10th Revision (ICD-10): Version: 2016. Available at: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/VII. (accessed 18 December 2015).
4. WHO. Change the Definition of Blindness. Available at: http://www.who.int/blindness/ Change%20the%20Definition%20of%20Blindness.pdf?ua=1. (accessed 18 December 2015).
5. WHO. Visual impairment and blindness. Fact Sheet no. 282. Available at: http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en. (accessed 18 December 2015).
6. IAPB. Blindness and Visual Impairment: Global Facts. Available at: http://www.iapb.org/ vision-2020/global-facts/guidance. (accessed 18 December 2015).
7. WHO. Global Data on Visual Impairments: 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/blindness/ GLOBALDATAFINALforweb.pdf. (accessed 18 December 2015).
8. WHO. Priority Eye Diseases. Available at: http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en. (accessed 18 December 2015).

Received: 22 Nov. 2015

Published: April 2016

DEAR COLLEAGUES!

Time is running fast and the next issue of the journal welcomes you in 2016! Let this year be full of bright events, wisdom and humanity, peace, prosperity, love, feelings of friendship and creative energy. 

I’m glad to inform you that in 2015 year the ISSN International Centre (Paris) awarded “International scientific-practical journal ‘Ophthalmology’” with the international standard number for printed publications ISSN 2413-7332.

In 2015 year the website of our journal started to work (www.oculist.in.ua/en) and everyone will get the possibility to be found the contents of all archive issues and to learn new information.

Also the year 2016 began with important and pleasant event in our life – “International scientific-practical journal ‘Ophthalmology’” was included to the main list of scientific publications, recommended by the Ministry of Science and Education of Ukraine.

Large thanks again to everyone who supported and supports the “newborn” edition on its way of professional development.

Best regards and good wishes,
The Chief Editor of
“International scientific-practical journal ‘Ophthalmology’”,
Head of the Department of
Surgical Diseases KMU UAFM,
The winner of the State Prize of Ukraine,
Honored Doctor of Ukraine,
Corresponding member of NAMS of Ukraine,
MD, Dr. Med. Sc., Professor
ZOIA VESELOVSKA