3 (14) 2021

https://doi.org/10.30702/Ophthalmology27082021-14.3.43-50/3-06-07
UDC 617.7-007.681-021.3-06-07-084

Valerii N. Serdiuk^{1, 2}, Oleksii A. Isaiev^{1, 2}, Svitlana B. Ustymenko^{1, 2}, Anton V. Serdiuk³

¹Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
²Dnepropetrovsk Regional Ophthalmological Hospital, Dnipro, Ukraine
³Kryvyi Rih Filial branch "Dnepropetrovsk Regional Ophthalmological Hospital", Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine

Abstract

Glaucoma is regarded as a heterogeneous group of diseases with a specific change in biomechanics of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, resulting in the increased production and decreased outflow of the aqueous humor. Progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, microglia, astrocytes, Mueller cells leads to chronic damage, thinning of the neuroretinal layer and narrowing of visual field. In this study we investigated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). According to many American Optometric Association studies, POAG is the most common type of glaucoma (accounting for up to 72–96 % of cases) characterized by asymptomatic course with gradual decrease in peripheral vision. The reason for this abnormal condition is the optic nerve damage, inefficiency of eye drainage system with fluid accumulation and increased intraocular pressure. Investigation of POAG occurrence and progression becomes more and more relevant each year. Epidemiological studies for the past 50 years showed progressive increase in the incidence of glaucoma. In 5 % of cases, glaucoma is a monogenic disease with Mendelian inheritance. A significant proportion of cases POAG are genetically determined and have a clear hereditary predisposition, which according to various estimates determines from 20 to 60 %. NOS3 gene polymorphism is of considerable scientific interest due to its influence on the development of endothelial dysfunction. Of great scientific interest is determination of the relationship between the rs1799983 and rs2070744 polymorphisms with the development and progression of POAG.

Literature review was performed in following database of scientific literature: Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus etc.

Keywords: prevalence of glaucoma, glaucoma epidemiology, gene polymorphism, NOS3 gene, endothelial dysfunction.

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Read more: Genetic Predictors of Vascular Regulation of Glaucoma Optic Neuropathy Progression in Patients...

https://doi.org/10.30702/Ophthalmology27082021-14.3.18-25/036.1-008
UDC 617.713-002-022.7-036.1-008.8-078:616.379-008.64

Olesia V. Zavoloka, Pavlo A. Bezditko, Liliya P. Abramova, Vitaliy O. Vekshyn

Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Abstract

The aim. To analyze the cytokine balance of tear fluid in patients with bacterial keratitis at presentation depending on the severity of the disease and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and methods. The analysis was performed through the comparison of the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the tear fluid of 17 patients with type 1 DM and bacterial keratitis and 15 patients with bacterial keratitis without DM at presentation. Data from 14 healthy individuals of the appropriate age were also used for comparison. The patients with bacterial keratitis were divided into subgroups according to the severity of bacterial keratitis. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in the tear fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye were determined by quantitative colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results and discussion. At presentation, patients with bacterial keratitis, both with and without DM, showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β and IL-6, in the tear fluid of the sick eye, which correlated with the severity of the disease, and also increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the tear fluid of the contralateral eye. In addition, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in the tear fluid of the contralateral eye in DM patients were increased at all degrees of severity of bacterial keratitis.

Conclusions. In patients with bacterial keratitis, the cytokine balance of the tear fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye depends on the severity of the disease and the presence of DM.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bacterial keratitis, severity of keratitis, cytokines, interleukins.

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Read more: Analysis of the Cytokine Balance in Tear Fluid of Diabetic Patients with Bacterial Keratitis...

https://doi.org/10.30702/Ophthalmology27082021-14.3.08-17/002.1-022
UDC 617.713-002+617.711-002.1-022-085

Oleksandra V. Zborovska, Ilijna S. Horyanova, Victoria V. Kolesnichenko

The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of The National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine

Abstract

The aim. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome with preservative-free drops which contain 0.4 % sodium hyaluronate and nutraceutical complexes nutraceuticals.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The study included 64 patients aged 34 to 58 years (128 eyes) with dry eye syndrome accompanied by Sjogren’s syndrome. Examination of patients included: assessment of complaints, visometry, refractometry, bacterial culture of the conjunctiva and nasopharynx, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, Schirmer and Norn tests, assessment of "comfort of application of drops" on the questionnaire. This study is an extension of the study previously conducted at the premises of the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of The National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine on the effectiveness of preservative-free eye drops containing 0.4 % hyaluronic acid in the treatment of Sjogren’s syndrome.

Results. Prior to the appointment of comprehensive treatment with instillations, the Norn test showed 6.55 s (SD 1.57) with a minimum of 3 s, a maximum of 9 s, and a median of 6.5 s. After 3 months of treatment the Norn test score in the 1st group averaged 14.66 (SD 1.07) vs. 13.86 (SD 1.07) in the 2nd group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=1.0). The mean number of required instillations per day was 4.1 (SD 1.04) in the 1st group and 5.27 (SD 1.11) in the 2nd group.

Conclusion. Instillations of preservative-free drops containing sodium hyaluronate 0.4 % (in a bottle with an innovative ophthalmic squeeze dispenser (OSD)) in combination with a nutraceutical complex in the treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome is effective and allows achieving a stable and long-term effect.

Keywords: Sjogren’s syndrome, hyaluronic acid, nutraceuticals, artificial tear, Schirmer test, Norn test, dry eye syndrome, tear film.

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